Presidio County, Texas, Landmarks & Vanished Communities

The USGS no longer maintains its GNIS database so I've removed the links to it. You can copy and paste the Lat/Long into Google to get a map of the location. If you can fill in missing GPS coordinates or if you know of a location or vanished community not listed here, please let someone know. TXGenWeb is not responsible for incorrect GPS Coordinates.

Feature Name	Type	Latitude, Longitude	Description	Source
Adobe Cemetery	cemetery	29.787500, -104.575833		USGS
Adobe Spring	spring	30.162778, -104.603611		USGS
Adobes	populated place	29.763889, -104.555000	Located on Farm Road 170 and beside the Rio Grande, near Arroyo Borracho and six miles southeast of Chinati, Texas, in southwestern Presidio County. It developed as a farming community in the 1870s. Antonio Madrid came to Adobes, Texas, from Mexico in 1882 when he was eleven years old. He herded sheep and grew to adulthood there. He married Paufilia Estrade De Anda and their family of eight children grew up in the community. By 1914 agriculture at Adobes was revolutionized with the introduction of irrigation and cotton growing. In 1930 the village had 750 acres of irrigated cotton under cultivation. By 1939 a public school was in session at Adobes as part of the Presidio school district. In 1998 Adobes remained a small farming community on the river. No population figure was available, according to 1998-1999 Texas Almanac. Adobes Cemetery is near the village. Sources: USGS, GNIS; Adobes Quadrangle, Texas-Chihuahua, USGS Topographical Map, 1979; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 127,133-134; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:183; 2:map between pp. 304 and 305, 455; 1998-1999 Texas Almanac, 297.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Adobes Cemetery	cemetery	29.761944, -104.552778		USGS
Agua Adentro Mountain	summit	29.463056, -104.029167		USGS
Agua Chano Ranch	locale	29.814722, -104.438611		USGS
Aguja	summit	29.955833, -104.403889		USGS
Alamito	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located on Farm Road 169 three miles north of Plata, Texas, on Alamito Creek in east central Presidio County. It developed as an irrigated farming settlement in 1870 when John Davis and several Mexican-descent families who worked for him settled at that point on Alamito Creek. Fearing Indian attack, Davis and his workers built a large adobe house with a corral at the back to protect the horses and mules. A chapel was erected for use when the priest visited. By using the open range, Davis raised cattle and horses and cultivated a peach orchard. The workers grew corn, wheat, beans, and other vegetables that Davis hauled to Fort Stockton for sale. With ample supplies of food and water, Alamito became a stop on the Chihuahua Trail. A post office operated there from 1884 until 1892. As early as 1908 the settlement had a school and that year Selena Hord was the teacher. In 1911 fifty-seven students from a total population of 392 were recorded at Alamito. The community was listed on the state highway map for Presidio County as late as 1986, but 1998-1999 Texas Almanac listed no population for Alamito, Texas. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 17; John Ernest Gregg, History of Presidio County, M. A. Thesis, Univ. Of Tex., 1933, pp. 56-57; Carlysle Graham Raht, The Romance of Davis Mountains and Big Bend Country (Odessa: The Rahtbooks Co., 1963), 162, 169, 231;Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 69; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 42, 85.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Alamito Creek	stream	29.520833, -104.291389		USGS
Alamito Dam	dam	29.422222, -104.010278		USGS
Alamo Creek	stream	29.683333, -104.163333		USGS
Alazan Hills	summit	29.525833, -103.916389		USGS
Alazan Spring	spring	29.543333, -103.935278		USGS
Allison Ranch	locale	30.024444, -104.265278		USGS
Alta Vista Ranch Airport	airport	30.148056, -103.892778		USGS
Antelope Mesa	summit	29.968611, -103.910556		USGS
Aqua Adentro Spring	spring	29.493611, -104.102222		USGS
Aragon	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located at a point on the Southern Pacific railroad and U. S. Highway 90, ten miles west of Marfa, Texas, in northern Presidio County. In 1882 when the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad reached the area with its tracks, Aragon became a loading station. The station was also a settlement for the section crew of the railroad. Early on the morning of 12 July 1909, a westbound passenger train was derailed at the Aragon station. There was evidence of tampering with a switch rod and a block had been placed between the rails. No injuries were sustained in the wreck and no indictments were made. By the 1980s the station and settlement at Aragon were gone. Sources: Hugh B. Wilson, ?Southern Pacific Lines: The G.H.&S.A.R.R., A Brief History of El Paso Division 1881-1925,? in Terrell County, Texas?Its Past, Its People, ed. Alice Evans Downie (San Angelo: Anchor Pub. Co., 1978), 111; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 19; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 59, map between pp. 304 and 305; S. G. Reed, A History of the Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941), 197; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 6; Writer?s Observation.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Arenoso Arroyo	valley	29.954722, -104.595556		USGS
Arenoso Arroyo	valley	29.540000, -104.308333		USGS
Arroyos Ranch	locale	29.686111, -104.284444		USGS
Auras Canyon	valley	29.420000, -104.176667		USGS
Back Tank	reservoir	29.851667, -104.437500		USGS
Baviza Arroyo	valley	29.882222, -104.645278		USGS
Benavides Ranch	locale	30.010556, -104.560278		USGS
Bennett Ranch	locale	30.610000, -104.911389		USGS
Big Bend Ranch Airport	airport	29.469444, -103.936389		USGS
Big Shanon Windmill	locale	30.089444, -104.521667		USGS
Big Trestle Draw	valley	30.193056, -104.088889		USGS
Black Hills	summit	29.621944, -104.135278		USGS
Black Hills	summit	30.008056, -104.245833		USGS
Black Hills Creek	stream	29.535833, -104.258611		USGS
Black Peaks	summit	30.311111, -103.836944		USGS
Bofecillos Canyon	valley	29.478889, -104.201944		USGS
Bofecillos Mountains	range	29.448889, -104.088889		USGS
Bofecillos Peak	summit	29.471111, -104.091667		USGS
Bogel	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village, was located on Alamito Creek, thirteen miles South of Marfa, Texas, in East central Presidio County. It was shown on a geological map in 1895. In 1904 it was listed in A Gazetteer of Texas. Sources: Marfa, Tex. Sheet, U.S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey Map, 1:125000 scale, 1895; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 30.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Boludo, Cerro	summit	29.796944, -103.951944		USGS
La Boquilla	valley	29.730833, -104.295556		USGS
Borracha Tank	reservoir	30.508056, -104.635556		USGS
Borrachio	pop place	29.731111, -104.543333		USGS
Borracho, Arroyo	valley	29.741944, -104.551389		USGS
Boulder Canyon	valley	29.988611, -104.527500		USGS
Bracks Canyon	valley	30.474722, -104.745556		USGS
Brite Ranch	locale	30.328889, -104.532222		USGS
Bueyes Arroyo	valley	29.929167, -104.620556		USGS
Bull Spring	spring	29.932500, -104.451389		USGS
Burney Mine	mine	29.901111, -104.511944		USGS
Burnt Camp	locale	29.448056, -103.840278		USGS
Burras, Cerro de las	summit	29.409444, -104.109167		USGS
Burro Draw	valley	30.428889, -104.185833		USGS
Cadelaria	pop place	30.138333, -104.682500		USGS
Camp Holland	military post	30.547778, -104.679167	Was located 12 miles west of Valentine, Texas, at Vieja Pass in western Presidio County. The post was built in 1918 to defend American lives and property after Mexican bandits raided the Brite and Nevill ranches. Named for Holland Ranch where it was situated, the camp served as a base for pack trains that supplied the Eighth Cavalry as it patrolled the Mexican border under the command of Colonel George T. Langhorne. Troop B of the Second Squadron was assigned to the camp on 9 September 1919. Camp Holland consisted of stone and wood buildings and its construction costs exceeded $16,000. Its buildings included two barracks, four officer?s houses, a mess hall, and a guard house. To meet the needs of its personnel, the camp had a bakery, a corral, a blacksmith shop, and a quartermaster store. Good spring water was in abundant supply, allowing the use of a shower house and a sewer system. The army ceased its border patrols in Presidio County by 1921 and Camp Holland closed. In January 1922, the camp was leased to civilians and later it sold at auction to C. O. Finley. In the late 1960s some of the deserted military buildings were still standing. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Kim Thornsburg, ?Camp Holland,? in The Junior Historian of Texas 28:3 (December 1967), 30-31; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901- 1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 139-140, 151, 179, 216, 229-230; Ray Miller, Texas Forts: A History and Guide (Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1985), 194.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Campo Santo Estrada	locale	29.517778, -104.263889		USGS
Campo Santo Hernandez	other	29.572222, -104.386389		USGS
Campo Santo Rodriguez	other	29.585278, -104.397778		USGS
Candelaria	pop place	30.138333, -104.685000		USGS
Cañon de Caballo	valley	29.967778, -104.556111		USGS
Capote Creek	stream	30.167500, -104.686944		USGS
Capote Draw	valley	30.307778, -104.481944		USGS
Capote Falls	falls	30.214167, -104.559167		USGS
Capote Peak	summit	30.279167, -104.550000		USGS
Capote Ranch	locale	30.216944, -104.619444		USGS
Casa Blanca Cemetery	cemetery	29.537778, -104.304722		USGS
Casa Piedra	pop place	29.738333, -104.053611	An unincorporated community, is located on Alamito Creek and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad, ten miles south of Plata, Texas, in southeastern Presidio County. In 1883 Domenicio Mata settled there on preemption land and late in the 1890s constructed a stone house. His house gave the community its Spanish name, meaning rock house. By 1900 more than fifty farm families lived in the close- knit community, consisting mostly of kinsmen. Many of them were members of the Russell and Vasquez families. The people were hard-working farmers who raised large crops of cotton, corn, beans, and hay. The families observed holidays with music, dancing, feasting, and horse racing. A one-room school opened in the community in 1906 through the work of Lucia Hernandez Russell. From 1929 through 1933 Willie Mae Harper taught grades 1 through 7. Later a two-room building was constructed to accommodate the growing number of children. In 1912 the community acquired a post office and the Vasquez family opened a store. The tracks of the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient of Texas railroad reached Casa Piedra in 1930 and a depot was built. Conrado Vasquez served as the first depot agent. When drought and the Great Depression hit the nation in 1930, prosperity at Casa Piedra also slowed. However, as late as 1939 the public school remained and the Ted Harper Ranch shipped its livestock from the station in the 1940s. In the 1950s both the post office and the store closed. In 1984 residents of Casa Piedra received mail from Marfa. The community reported a population of 21 from the 1960s through the 1990s, but its early days of larger population were behind it. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), Vol. 1:197, 214, 275, 326, 347; Vol. 2:25, 51, 91, map between pp. 304 and 305, 333, 348, 454-455, 498; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 82; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads: A Record of Construction and Abandonment (Austin: UT and TSHA, 1981), 76; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 23; John Clements, Flying the Colors: Texas (Dallas: Clements Research, Inc., 1984), 367; 1933 Texas Almanac, 56; 1939-1940 Texas Almanac, 104; 1961- 1962 Texas Almanac, 207; 1970-1971 Texas Almanac, 170; 1980-1981 Texas Almanac, 196; 1990-1991 Tex	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Cat Creek	stream	30.189722, -104.479167		USGS
Cathedral Peak	summit	30.001389, -104.499444		USGS
Catto Tank	reservoir	30.363056, -103.992222		USGS
Cement Tank	reservoir	29.869444, -104.416944		USGS
Cerro Chino	summit	30.077778, -104.596944		USGS
Cerro de la Cruz	summit	29.992222, -104.540833		USGS
Chaffin Place	pop place	29.980833, -104.457222		USGS
Chalk Gap	gap	30.570833, -104.816111		USGS
Chalk Mountain	summit	30.547778, -104.828889		USGS
Chalk Tank	reservoir	30.576389, -104.798611		USGS
Chambers Draw	arroyo	30.188889, -103.971389		USGS
Chambers Ranch	locale	30.339722, -104.693611		USGS
Chilicote Canyon	valley	30.333889, -104.657778		USGS
Chillon, Arroyo	valley	29.607500, -104.453333		USGS
Chimney Rock	pillar	29.383056, -103.829167		USGS
Chinati	locale	29.824167, -104.604722	On the Rio Grande and Farm Road 170 about 6 miles northwest of Adobes, Texas, in southwestern Presidio County. It developed as a river farming settlement, probably after 1904. Its name reportedly came from an Indian chief, Chinati, who lived in the area in the 1840s and 1850s. In 1914 after irrigation became a part of farm communities along the river, Chinati farmers grew cotton and anticipated a prosperous future with a good cash crop. In 1922 a post office opened. By 1930 the community irrigated 600 acres of crops and in 1931 a store opened. Mexican bandits raided the community in January 1933. By 1939, the post office closed. The population of Chinati remained at ten from 1933 until 1943, when World War II stimulated activity at the military bases in Presidio County and increased the population of Chinati to 250. After the war, the military bases closed and Chinati declined in population. In 1947 the store closed. At the end of the 1980s, Chinati remained an unincorporated community that received mail from the Presidio post office. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Adobes Quadrangle, Tex.-Presidio County, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1979; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 25; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico, 1958), 105; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 83; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 133-134; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), map between pp. 304 and 305, 380, 496-497, 544- 545; Barry Wade Hutcheson, The Trans-Pecos: A Historical Survey and Guide to Historic Sites, M. A. Thesis, Texas Technological College, 1969, 157; 1933 Texas Almanac, 56; 1936 Texas Almanac, 149; 1939-1940 Texas Almanac, 105; 1941- 1942 Texas Almanac, 119; 1943-1944 Texas Almanac, 73; 1945-1946 Texas Almanac, 115; 1947-1948 Texas Almanac, 136; John Clements, Flying the Colors: Texas (Dallas: Clements Research, Inc., 1984), 367.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Chinati Cemetery	cemetery	29.823889, -104.598611		USGS
Chinati Mountains	range	29.904722, -104.463333		USGS
Chinati Peak	summit	29.953056, -104.477222		USGS
Chiticote Ranch	locale	30.472500, -104.628333		USGS
Chorro Canyon	valley	29.373889, -103.873333		USGS
Chupadera Pila	spring	30.078611, -104.652500		USGS
Chupaderos, Arroyo	valley	30.099722, -104.682222		USGS
Church Mountain	summit	29.831389, -103.826111		USGS
Cibolo Creek	stream	29.568056, -104.396111		USGS
Cibolo Creek Ranch Airport	airport	29.892778, -104.261389		USGS
Cienega Basin	basin	30.241389, -104.542222		USGS
Cienega Creek	stream	29.671389, -104.198889		USGS
Cienega Mountains	summit	29.776111, -104.160833		USGS
Cienega, Arroyo	valley	29.851111, -104.624167		USGS
Cienega, La	swamp	30.005556, -104.643889		USGS
Cienega, La	stream	30.112222, -104.675556		USGS
Cieneguita	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village, was located on Cibolo Creek, nine miles northwest of Shafter, Texas, in the Chinati Mountains of south central Presidio County. It was shown on a USGS map in 1896. In 1904 it was listed in A Gazetteer of Texas. It may have been the headquarters of a ranch. Sources: Shafter, Tex. Sheet, USGS map, 1896; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 44.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Cinco de Mayo, Ca?on	valley	29.905278, -104.489167		USGS
Clenega Windmill	locale	30.246111, -104.536111		USGS
Cleveland Peak	summit	30.085000, -104.514722		USGS
Closed Canyon	valley	29.320556, -104.037500		USGS
Cnangas, Arroyo	valley	29.604444, -104.440833		USGS
Coal Mine Ranch	locale	30.432778, -104.736389		USGS
Cold Water Canyon	valley	30.324444, -104.742222		USGS
Colorado, Canyon	valley	29.296944, -103.970556		USGS
Colquitt Draw	valley	30.191667, -103.966667		USGS
Colquitt Draw	valley	30.247222, -103.941111		USGS
Comedor Crossing	locale	30.276389, -104.760556		USGS
Conejo	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Vanished community located at a point on the Southern Pacific railroad and U. S. Highway 90, midway between Ryan, Texas, and Aragon, Texas, in northern Presidio County. When the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad laid its tracks to the area in early 1882, a section house and depot were built at Conejo. The railroad named the depot the Spanish word for rabbit. Conejo may have operated as a depot for several decades, but the railroad abandoned the site by 1936. Any community that had developed around Conejo depot then disappeared. Sources: Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), map between pp. 304 and 305; S. G. Reed, A History of the Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941), 197; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 27.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Conring Ranch	locale	30.505556, -104.616111		USGS
Contrabando Canyon	valley	29.287500, -103.839167		USGS
Contrabando Creek	stream	29.279167, -103.843056		USGS
Contrabando Mountain	summit	29.308889, -103.794722		USGS
Contrabando Waterhole	lake	29.313611, -103.803889		USGS
Copeland Tank	reservoir	30.383611, -103.800000		USGS
Cottonwood Canyon	valley	30.549444, -104.669444		USGS
Crenshaw Mountain	summit	30.363611, -103.817778		USGS
Crenshaw Tank	reservoir	30.356389, -103.832500		USGS
Cruz Tank	reservoir	30.250556, -104.511111		USGS
Cuervo Draw	valley	30.323889, -104.008889		USGS
Cuesta del Burro	ridge	30.113611, -104.387500		USGS
Cuesta del Burro	range	30.113611, -104.387500		USGS
Damn It Well	well	30.470833, -104.528889		USGS
Deck Spring	spring	29.898056, -104.448889		USGS
Doll Canyon	valley	29.938611, -104.325278		USGS
Domingo	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village, may have been a river settlement in the nineteenth century or earlier. A Gazetter of Texas, 1904, stated that the place was shown on the USGS Polvo Sheet, Presidio County, but it was not found by the writer. Source: Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 58.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Donahue Crossing	locale	30.561389, -104.895000		USGS
Dunman Creek	stream	29.880556, -104.022222		USGS
Durazno Tank	reservoir	30.421667, -104.573611		USGS
Dysart	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	a rural village in Presidio County, operated a post office from 1899 through 1902 when it closed. A Gazetter of Texas (1904) listed Dysart, Texas, but gave no USGS sheet on which to find it. Sources: Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 92; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904),61.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
El Calabazar Canyon	valley	29.428056, -104.176111		USGS
El Campo De Laventana	locale	30.277778, -104.757778		USGS
El Macho	summit	30.168611, -104.561111		USGS
Enmedio, Arroyo	valley	30.447778, -104.865000		USGS
Escondido, Arroyo	valley	29.971667, -104.681111		USGS
Estrada Creek	locale	29.523611, -104.267222		USGS
Fishtail Canyon	valley	29.744444, -103.895833		USGS
Fort Leaton State Historic Site	park	29.543889, -104.327500		USGS
Fourmile Draw	valley	30.244167, -104.045000		USGS
Franks Canyon	valley	30.431389, -103.855833		USGS
Frenchman Hills	summit	30.024722, -104.119722		USGS
Fresno Canyon	valley	29.286667, -103.852778		USGS
Fresno Creek	stream	29.281389, -103.855278		USGS
Fresno Mine	mine	29.343889, -103.813889		USGS
Fresno Peak	summit	29.426944, -103.836667		USGS
Galgo	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A vanished rural community located at a point halfway between Marfa, Texas, and Aragon, Texas, on U. S. Highway 90 and the Southern Pacific railroad in northern Presidio County. When the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad reached the point early in 1882, it established a station and gave it a Spanish name, meaning greyhound. The railroad, which may have been its only focus, later abandoned Galgo and any community there disappeared. By the 1980s it was a clean site. Sources: Hugh B. Wilson, "Southern Pacific Lines: The G.H.&S.A.R.R., A Brief History of El Paso Division 1881-1926," in Terrell County, Texas--Its Past, Is People, ed. by Alice Evans Downie (San Angelo: Anchor Pub.Co., 1978), 111,116; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), map between pp. 304 and 305; S. G. Reed, A History of Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941),197; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982),40; Writer's Observation.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Galindo, Arroyo	valley	29.532778, -104.300000		USGS
Gato Arroyo	valley	29.950556, -104.607500		USGS
Gemelo Mesa	summit	29.980556, -103.871667		USGS
Gettysburg Peak	summit	30.476111, -104.731944		USGS
Goat Herd Tank	reservoir	30.496944, -104.739722		USGS
Good Tank	reservoir	30.331111, -103.800278		USGS
Good Tank Draw	valley	30.324722, -103.783333		USGS
GreenPresidio Draw	valley	30.303056, -104.011389		USGS
Haciendita Cemetery	cemetery	29.611389, -104.455833		USGS
Haciendito	locale	29.611389, -104.455833	On the Rio Grande and Farm Road 170 six miles northwest of Presidio, Texas, in southwestern Presidio County. With a Spanish name meaning small farm, Haciendito was known as ?Haciendita? from its beginning to the end of the 1950s and its cemetery still has that name. The community had a school by 1904 when H. H. Lovett taught there. D. Chesser was hired as the teacher in 1908. Haciendita became a cotton-growing community in 1917 when Bartello Garcia built a gravity irrigation system to bring river water to crops. The community had 1,500 acres of irrigated land devoted to cotton crops in the 1920s. Garcia sold his irrigation rights to J. P. Fortner, a local farmer, in 1921. By 1948 the community reported a population of twenty and received mail from Presidio. The state highway map of the county labeled the community as ?Haciendito? in 1986. It was listed by the same name in 1998-1999 Texas Almanac without a population figure. The name may have been changed to a masculine form after the 1950s; or, both names always may have been used in reference to the community. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Presidio West Quadrangle, Texas- Chihuahua, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1979; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 135-137; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946, 2 Vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 2:42-43, 86, 455; The Handbook of Texas, Vol. 1 (Austin: TSHA, 1952), 751; 1998- 1999 Texas Almanac, 305.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Hat Mountain	summit	29.975000, -103.847500		USGS
Haymond	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located at an unknown point in eastern Presidio County, but it was later made a part of Buchel County and finally a part of Brewster County. The community was first called McLeary and a post office operated there from 30 October 1883 to 23 January 1884 when its name was changed to Haymond. The post office continued at Haymond from 1884 until an unknown date after 1930. Over the years, the post office was located in three counties. It was created in Presidio County and operated in that county more than three years. On 15 March 1887 the part of Presidio County that included Haymond became Buchel County until the state legislature attached that county to Brewster County on 22 March 1889. On 09 April 1897 Buchel County was dissolved and Haymond became a part of Brewster County. Sources: Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 104, 117; Martin Donell Kohout, "Buchel County," in The New Handbook of Texas, Vol.1 (Austin: TSHA, 1996), 800; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 81.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Hidden Windmill	locale	30.518889, -104.735278		USGS
High Lonesome Windmill	locale	30.217778, -104.520278		USGS
Hog Canyon	valley	30.607500, -104.904167		USGS
Holguin Creek	stream	29.647222, -104.097222		USGS
Holquin Ranch	locale	29.675556, -104.040556		USGS
Horseshoe Draw	valley	30.427222, -104.732778		USGS
Horseshoe Mesa	summit	30.425833, -104.704722		USGS
Horsetrap Spring	spring	29.461389, -103.961389		USGS
Hot Spring	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village in the first quarter of the twentieth century or earlier, was located on Hot Spring Creek at a point 2.5 miles east of Brooks Spring and seven miles north of the Rio Grande in western Presidio County. Sources: San Carlos Sheet,USGS map, 1929.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Hot Springs Airport	airport	30.008611, -104.664444		USGS
Hot Springs Creek	stream	30.030000, -104.701389		USGS
Housetop Mountain	summit	29.985278, -103.843056		USGS
Howard Canyon	valley	30.471389, -104.625000		USGS
Hoya Tank	reservoir	30.340278, -104.587222		USGS
Humphries	vanished communtiy	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was located fifteen miles southwest of Marfa on Saucita Creek in central Presidio County. Saucita Creek, in 1919, was an intermittent stream, rising in northern Presidio County and flowing easterly sixteen miles into Long Draw and then into Alamita Creek [now Alamito Creek] one mile west of Bogel, Texas. Sources: Marfa Sheet, USGS map, 1895; Henry Gannett, A Gazetter of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 87; Glenn A. Gray, Gazetteer of Streams of Texas, Water-Supply Paper 448 (Washington: Govenment Printing Office, 1919), 218; State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Map of Presidio County, revised 1986.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Indian Creek	stream	30.221111, -104.053056		USGS
Indian Spring	spring	29.890556, -104.561111		USGS
Indio	pop place	29.717500, -104.537222	On Spencer Creek, the Rio Grande and Farm Road 170 twelve miles northwest of Presidio, Texas, in southwestern Presidio County. Called at different times Paloma Ranch, Spencer?s Rancho, and Indio Ranch, the community began after 1854 on the ranch of John W. Spencer. Spencer raised horses in the beginning and added cattle and vegetable farming later. A school was in session by 1908 when B. T. Briggs was hired as the teacher. In 1911 Juan de la Cruz Machuca, the first Hispanic graduate of Marfa High School, received a teaching certificate and came to teach in the community. In 1917 Esteban Ochoa directed an irrigation project at Indio and farmers began raising cotton. They were so successful that a gin was built by 1924 to process the cotton. The U. S. Army stationed an infantry platoon at Indio during a time of border unrest brought on by the Mexican Revolution. Mexican bandits fired on the platoon from across the river on 3 December 1917 and a soldier was wounded. U. S. soldiers immediately crossed the river and killed twelve of the bandits. The army continued to patrol the border at Indio as late as 1928. From 1939 until 1963 Indio consisted of 40 residents, two businesses, and a school, but the businesses closed in 1963. In the late 1980s Indio was an unincorporated village that received mail from Presidio. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 89; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 126-128, 134-137; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946, 2 Vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:55, 68, 78, 79; 2:43, 85, 86, 319; 455; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of NM Press, 1958), 115; Don M. Coerver and Linda B. Hall, Texas and the Mexican Revolution: A Study in State and National Border Policy 1910-1920 (San Antonio: Trinity Univ. Press, 1984), 123; 1939-1940 Texas Almanac, 109; 1941-1942 Texas Almanac, 123; 1943-1944 Texas Almanac, 77; 1945-1946 Texas Almanac, 119; 1947-1948 Texas Almanac, 141; 1949-1950 Texas Almanac, 114; 1952-1953 Texas Almanac, 89; 1954-1955 Texas Almanac, 115; 1956-1957 Texas Almanac, 147; 1958-1959 Texas Almanac, 121; 1961-1962 Texas Almanac, 210; 1964-1965 Texas Almanac, 145; 1966-1967 Texas Almanac, 147; John Clements, Flying the Colors: Texas (Dallas: Clements Research, Inc., 1984), 367.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Joho Canyon	valley	30.559444, -104.778056		USGS
Joho Spring	spring	30.555000, -104.745833		USGS
Joho Tank	reservoir	30.559722, -104.731111		USGS
Jordan Gap	gap	29.954722, -103.917778		USGS
Julio Creek	stream	30.154444, -104.094722		USGS
Kirby Creek	stream	29.821111, -104.049722		USGS
Knox Canyon	valley	30.534444, -104.651111		USGS
La Junta	pop place	29.593611, -104.410556		USGS
La Junta de los Rios	historic area	0.000000, -000.000000	La Junta de los Rios, the historic farming and trading area at the junction of the Rio Grande (called Rio Norte by the Spaniards) and the Rio Conchos, centered around present Presidio, Texas, on the north bank of the Rio Grande, and Ojinaga, Chihuahua, on the south bank. The limits of the district ran 35 miles up the river to present Ruidosa, 18 miles down the river to present Redford, and 18 miles north of the river to present Shafter. The southern boundary reached Cuchillo Parado in Chihuahua. La Junta is traditionally accepted as the oldest continuously farmed area in Texas. Corn farmers of the Cochise culture settled there about 1500 B.C. to make use of the plentiful water, fertile land, and abundant game. Mountains on the northern and southern edges of the area and several hot springs helped to make winters mild. An ancient north-south trade route ran through La Junta, allowing settlers to exchange ideas as well as commodities with passersby. The Mogollon culture, consisting of farmers, potters, weavers, and carvers, replaced the Cochise about 900 A.D. The Mogollon adopted ideas from the Anasazi, forming the Mogollon-Anasazi culture, which was replaced by a number of new tribes that were unlike the older cultures. Before the first Spaniard appeared at La Junta in December 1535, the new tribes were replaced by the Patarabueye (later called Julime) and the Jumano. The first Spaniard to arrive was Cabeza de Vaca on his unplanned escape across Texas. He erected a cross on the mountainside and named the place La Junta Pueblo de las Cruces. Cabeza de Vaca was impressed with the Julime and Jumano, who lived in permanent houses and raised large crops of corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, and melons. Both the Julime and the Jumano succumbed to Spanish influence. The Julime vanished in an attempt to remain aloof and the Jumano people lost their identity and self-sufficiency by becoming good subjects of the Spanish crown. On 6 July 1581 Fray Augustine Rodriguez, two other friars, and ten soldiers celebrated the first mass at La Junta. On 8 December 1582 the entrada of Antonio de Espejo passed through La Junta. In 1683-1684 the Juan Dominguez de Mendoza expedition explored La Junta by mapping trails and water sources and by naming the area La Navidad de las Cruces. Seven missions were established at La Junta by the expedition. Spanish slavers raided La Junta from 1563 until 1760, resulting in Indian protests and periodic closing of the missions. On 22 July 1760 a fort, called Presidio del Norte de la Junta de los Rios, was completed for protection of the missionaries and the name of La Junta was changed to Presidio del Norte. By 1810 the missions and forts were abandoned. In 1839 Dr. Henry Connelly opened the Chihuahua Trail and traders hauled goods in carts between Independence, Missouri, and Chihuahua by way of La Junta. After the Mexican War and in the late 1840s, Anglos settled on the north side of the Rio Grande and became traders, farmers, and ranchers. Their descendants remain there today. Sources: Howard G. Applegate and Calvin Wayne Hanselka, La Junta De Los Rios Del Norte y Conchos (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974), 3-5, 7-10, 13-32, 51-57; William H. Emory, Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Vol. 1 (Austin: TSHA, 1987), Part 2, p. 50; Daniel E. Fox, Traces of Texas History: Archeological Evidence of the Past 450 Years (San Antonio: Corona Pub. Co., 1983), 59; Jesse D. Jennings, Prehistory of North America (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974), 371; Barry Wade Hutcheson, The Trans-Pecos: A Historical Survey and Guide to Historic Sites, M. A. Thesis, Texas Tech Univ., 1969), 16, 60-61; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? Place Names in the Big Bend County (Albuquerque: Univ. of NM Press, 1958), 108; Carlysle Graham Raht, The Romance of Davis Mountains and Big Bend Country (Odessa: The Rahtbooks Co., 1963), 22-24; 45-47; Carlos E. Castaneda, Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519-1936, Vol. 2 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1936), 316-319, 326.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
La Navidad en las Cruces	vanished mission	0.000000, -000.000000	La Navidad en las Cruces, a vanished Spanish mission, was one of seven missions formally established in the La Junta area on 12 June 1684 by the Juan Dominguez de Mendoza expedition. The exact location of the mission is now unknown, but it is known that it was on the Rio Grande seven leagues from El Apostol Santiago and near the present city of Presidio in southern Presidio County. The mission was named for a fanciful story of a flaming cross in the sky told to the Spaniards by Juan Sabeata, a Jumano Indian, who hoped to enlist the aid of the Spanish military against the Apache. The Dominguez expedition first arrived at La Navidad en las Cruces on 29 December 1683. The original mission structure was a temporary one built from reeds and straw thatch by the people of the pueblo, who promised to replace it with an adobe one when the missionaries came. Since no later survey or census made by the Spanish government mentioned a mission at La Navidad en las Cruces, it was probably abandoned before 1715. Sources: Carlos E. Castaneda, Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519-1936 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1936), 1:270-273; 2:311-318, 326; 3:198-203; Herbert Eugene Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706 (New York: Charles Scribner?s Sons, 1916), 325; Howard G. Applegate and Calvin Wayne Hanselka, La Junta De Los Rios Del Norte y Conchos (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974), 14-23, 52-53; J. W. Williams, Old Texas Trails (Burnet: Eakin Press, 1979), 185; Robert E. Wright, O.M.I., ?Catholic Church,? in The New Handbook of Texas, Vol. 1 (Austin: TSHA, 1996), 1026-1028.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
La Presa Crossing	locale	29.885278, -104.648056		USGS
Las Burras Canyon	valley	29.392222, -104.141667		USGS
Las Corrientes Creek	stream	29.729444, -104.489444		USGS
Las Lulas	pop place	30.025833, -104.695278		USGS
Last Chance Mine	mine	29.819444, -104.386389		USGS
Lava Canyon	valley	29.509722, -103.998056		USGS
Lava Escondido Spring	spring	29.486667, -103.964444		USGS
Little Shannon Windmill	locale	30.131111, -104.517778		USGS
Loma Blanca	summit	30.111389, -104.581111		USGS
Loma Pelona	pop place	29.535278, -104.303611		USGS
Loma Plata Mine	mine	30.108056, -104.565833		USGS
Lomas de Arena Crossing	locale	30.586667, -104.918611		USGS
Long Draw	valley	30.193056, -104.088889		USGS
Long Draw	valley	30.361389, -103.860556		USGS
Long Hollow Windmill	locale	30.158333, -104.514444		USGS
Los Fresnos Crossing	locale	30.366667, -104.816667		USGS
Loveless Ranch	locale	30.347500, -104.641389		USGS
Lower Los Fresnos Crossing	locale	30.346667, -104.818889		USGS
Lower Shutup	valley	29.381389, -103.819167		USGS
Lucky Strike Well	well	30.328611, -104.543333		USGS
Madera Canyon	valley	29.295833, -103.919722		USGS
Madrid Falls	falls	29.379722, -103.883333		USGS
Madrid Ranch	locale	29.374167, -103.872222		USGS
Madrid Spring	spring	29.422222, -103.894167		USGS
Marfa	pop place	30.307778, -104.018611		USGS
Marfa Municipal Airport	airport	30.370278, -104.016667		USGS
Marfa Municipal Golf Course	locale	30.329722, -103.991944		USGS
Matonoso Creek	stream	29.922778, -104.011389		USGS
Maurita Spring	spring	30.497222, -104.693611		USGS
McComb Canyon	valley	30.318333, -104.673611		USGS
McComb Creek	stream	30.303056, -104.764444		USGS
McComb Spring	spring	30.332778, -104.656389		USGS
McCuthen Ranch	locale	30.311667, -104.765000		USGS
McGuirks Tanks	reservoir	29.475278, -103.816111		USGS
McKinney Mountain	summit	29.832778, -103.790278		USGS
McLeary	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located at an unknown point in eastern Presidio County by 1883. A post office operated in the community from 30 October 1883 to 23 January 1884 when its name was changed to Haymond, Texas. Haymond continued the post office from 1884 until an unknown date after 1930. Haymond, Texas, was located in three counties over those years--Presidio, Buchel (which existed from 15 March 1887 until the state legislature attached it to Brewster County on 22 March 1889 and dissolved it on 09 April 1897), and Brewster. Sources: Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 104,117; Martin Donell Kohout, "Buchel County," in The New Handbook of Texas, Vol.1 (Austin: TSHA, 1996), 800.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Melado, Arroyo	valley	29.623611, -104.474167		USGS
Mesa Tank	reservoir	29.890833, -104.455556		USGS
Mesa, La	summit	29.940556, -104.380833		USGS
Mesquite Ranch	locale	29.815000, -104.495556		USGS
Mexican Spring	spring	30.181944, -104.581944		USGS
Middle Canyon	valley	29.704722, -103.860833		USGS
Middle Tank	reservoir	29.857500, -104.425000		USGS
Miller Ranch	locale	30.551944, -104.646111		USGS
Mimbroso, Arroyo	valley	29.575000, -104.388611		USGS
Monias, Arroyo	valley	29.643056, -104.340833		USGS
Morita Creek	stream	29.741111, -104.287500		USGS
Mota Mountain, La	summit	29.527778, -103.981944		USGS
Muerto Arroyo, El	valley	30.093333, -104.682778		USGS
Mulato Dam	dam	29.480556, -104.226944		USGS
Musgrave Canyon	valley	30.325556, -104.641667		USGS
Naegele Creek	stream	30.036111, -104.697500		USGS
Naegele Springs	spring	30.038056, -104.648056		USGS
Nancy Anne Ranch	locale	30.474444, -104.529444		USGS
Navajo Creek	stream	29.560000, -103.962500		USGS
Needle Creek	stream	29.711111, -103.755278		USGS
Needle Peak	summit	29.428056, -103.809722		USGS
Newman Spring	spring	30.426667, -104.737222	A rural village, was located 3.5 miles south of Gettysburg Peak in western Presidio County in 1904 and was in existence in 1929. It may have been located at the spring by the same name. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetter of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904),120; San Carlos Sheet, USGS topo map, 1929.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Nixon Spring	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural village, was located five miles east of the Rio Grande and two miles south of Mexican Spring in western Presidio County in 1904 and was in existence in 1929. It was located near the spring by the same name. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetter of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904),121; San Carlos Sheet, USGS topo map, 1929.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Nixon Spring	spring	30.133333, -104.602500		USGS
Nopal	pop place	30.288056, -103.926111	Was located on the Southern Pacific railroad and U. S. Highway 90, near Twin Mountains and midway between Paisano, Texas, and Marfa, Texas, in northeastern Presidio County. In 1882 the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad established a passing track and a station at the location that the railroad named Nopal, a word that means prickly pear in Spanish. The ranchland south of Nopal was the setting for the county?s first barbed wire fence in 1886 when W. F. Mitchell, a local rancher, fenced a three-section holding trap. Two years later, Mitchell built a three-strand wire fence from San Esteban, Texas, to Nopal about ten miles in distance. He drilled two water wells to supply his cattle; one was south of Nopal. By 1894 Mitchell?s 200 sections of land supported 5,000 head of cattle. Although Nopal was the scene of innovative ranching before the turn of the century, no ruins of the station were visible in 1982. The 1998-1999 Texas Almanac, Ed Bartholomew, and the writer agreed that Nopal had no population in 1998, although GNIS called it a populated place. Sources: Hugh B. Wilson, ?Southern Pacific Lines: The G.H.&S.A.R.R., A Brief History of El Paso Division 1881-1925,? in Terrell County, Texas?Its Past, Its People, ed. Alice Evans Downie (San Angelo: Anchor Pub. Co., 1978), 111, 116; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:251, 323; 2: map between pp. 304 and 305; S. G. Reed, A History of the Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941), 197; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 75; Writer?s Observation, 29 October 1988.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Nopal Ranch	locale	30.273056, -103.931944		USGS
North Fork Alamito Creek	stream	30.368889, -104.030000		USGS
North Tank	reservoir	30.485278, -104.623611		USGS
Nunez Ranch	locale	29.938056, -104.577778		USGS
Oak Creek	stream	30.155556, -104.138889		USGS
Oak Hills	range	30.220833, -104.336944		USGS
Ochoa	pop place	29.666944, -104.500278	Ochoa [Ochoa Ranch], Texas, is located on the Rio Grande and Farm Road 170 ten miles northwest of Presidio, Texas, in southwestern Presidio County. It developed as a river settlement in the nineteenth century on the ranch of Esteban Ochoa, son of Isabel Leaton and Juan Ochoa and grandson of Ben Leaton. Juan Ochoa II, a tracker and scout for the Eighth Cavalry, was born at Ochoa in 1894. Seventy- five families lived in the community early in the twentieth century. A school was in session by 1911 when Jessie Head taught at Ochoa. The community became prosperous after 1914 when Esteban Ochoa hired about 100 Mexican refugees to dig an irrigation ditch to supply river water for farms in the area. By 1936 a church and a store were part of the community and the school continued as late as 1945. By the end of the 1980s Ochoa remained as a an unincorporated village that received its mail from Presidio. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Arroyo Melado Quadrangle, Tex.-Chihuahua, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1980; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 133-135, 180; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946, 2 Vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:68, 326; 2:86, 192; 454-455. 536; The Handbook of Texas, Vol. 2 (Austin: TSHA, 1952), 300; John Clements, Flying the Colors: Texas (Dallas: Clements Research, Inc., 1984), 367.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Ochoa Cemetery	cemetery	29.664444, -104.498333		USGS
Ocotillo	vanished communtiy	29.658611, -104.194167	A rural village, was located on Alamito Creek and beside the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient railroad [later acquired by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe] when it laid its tracks through the area in 1930. The village and siding were seven miles southwest of Casa Piedra, Texas. The village was shown on an army map in 1932. The siding remained in 1998. Sources: USGS, GNIS; Ocotillo Quadrangle, Grid Zone E, Corps of Engineers U. S. Army Tactical Map, 1932; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads: A Record of Construction and Abandonment (Austin: UT and TSHA, 1981), 61, 76.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Ocotillo Siding	locale	29.658611, -104.194167		USGS
Oil Well Windmill	locale	30.344444, -104.595278		USGS
Ojito Adentro	spring	29.492500, -104.058056		USGS
Ojo Acebuche	spring	29.987500, -104.523889		USGS
Ojo Agua Zarca	spring	29.908889, -104.426389		USGS
Ojo Alamito	spring	29.941944, -104.545000		USGS
Ojo Bonito	spring	29.970000, -104.384167		USGS
Ojo Canoa	spring	29.819722, -104.413889		USGS
Ojo Carrizo	spring	30.082778, -104.529167		USGS
Ojo Escondido Spring	spring	29.497500, -103.927778		USGS
Ojo Mexicano	spring	29.417500, -103.928333		USGS
Old Chilicote Ranch	locale	30.417778, -104.600278		USGS
Old Log Spring	spring	29.450833, -103.870278		USGS
Old Ranch	locale	29.642778, -103.932778		USGS
Old Ranch Canyon	valley	29.686111, -103.981944		USGS
Orona, Cerro	summit	29.843611, -104.435278		USGS
Orphan Hill	summit	30.369722, -103.890833		USGS
Oso Creek	stream	29.880278, -104.340556		USGS
Oso Mountain	summit	29.449444, -104.016389		USGS
Oso Spring	spring	29.430556, -104.038056		USGS
Owls Nest Canyon	valley	30.470278, -104.235833		USGS
Painted Spring	spring	30.590278, -104.856667		USGS
Paisano	locale	30.277500, -103.817222	Paisano, Texas, a vanished railroad station, was located on both the Southern Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroads, twelve miles east of Marfa, Texas, and near the Brewster County line in northeastern Presidio County. Paisano became a station on the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad in early 1882 when that railroad reached the area. At the elevation of 5,074.1 feet, it was the highest railroad station in Texas. It was named for the Spanish word that means countryman. On 8 July 1921 and about 1.25 miles east of the station, the westbound freight train came to a stop. Its boiler exploded, denting the tracks. Although the train remained upright, the force of the explosion blew the cab off the engine frame and over the roadbed. Engineer E. F. Bohlman was killed. Fireman Charles F. Robinson was found 3 miles east of the accident, dazed but not seriously injured. When the G.H.& S.A. became Texas & New Orleans railroad in 1934, Paisano remained a station. By 1961 when the T.&N.O. merged with Southern Pacific, Paisano was abandoned by the railroad. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1987; Paisano Quadrangle, Texas- Presidio County, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1972; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 126; S. G. Reed, A History of the Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941), 197, 201; Hugh B. Wilson, ?Southern Pacific Lines: the S.H.&S.A.R.R., A Brief History of El Paso Division 1881-1925,? in Terrell County, Texas: Its Past, Its People, ed. By Alice Evans Downie (San Angelo: Anchor Pub. Co., 1978), 116; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads (Austin: Univ. of Tex and TSHA, 1981), 69, 91; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1958), 98; 1952-1953 Texas Almanac, 593 shows location of Paisano; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 77.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Paisano Pass	gap	30.279444, -103.809167		USGS
Palo Blanco, Arroyo	valley	29.506667, -104.253889		USGS
Palo Blanco, Arroyo	valley	30.109722, -104.683333		USGS
Panales Arroyo	valley	29.936667, -104.613056		USGS
Panales, Arroyo	valley	30.068611, -104.685556		USGS
Panther Canyon	valley	29.320000, -103.973889		USGS
Panther Creek	stream	29.299444, -103.966389		USGS
Panther Mountain	summit	29.421111, -103.982500		USGS
Panther Spring	spring	29.384444, -103.963056		USGS
Papalote Colorado	pop place	29.492222, -104.014444		USGS
Papalote Escondido	pop place	29.475833, -103.998611		USGS
Papalote Llano	pop place	29.433056, -103.946111		USGS
Papalote Seco	pop place	29.458611, -103.905278		USGS
Papalote Severo	locale	29.463056, -104.086389		USGS
Paradise Draw	valley	29.906944, -103.806111		USGS
Paradise Valley	valley	29.826389, -103.819722		USGS
Parda, Sierra	summit	29.947222, -104.530278		USGS
Pardo, Cerro	summit	30.085556, -104.554444		USGS
Pelegos	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A rural nineteenth-century village, was located on the Chihuahua Trail, near the now-vanished San Esteban, Texas, in eastern Presidio County. Sources: Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft.Davis,TX: Privately published,1982), 80.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Pelillos Arroyo	valley	29.787222, -104.577778		USGS
Penitas School	vanished school	0.000000, -000.000000	A vanished ranch school, was located on Penitas Ranch, twenty miles south of Marfa, Texas, in east central Presidio County. The county opened a school there for ranch children in 1905. Evelyn Ellison, a daughter of R.R. Ellison, was a student at the ranch school. The four daughters of Domingo Polomo grew up on the ranch. Penitas Ranch was described as a garden spot and as one of the largest and oldest ranches in the county. In 1895 when W. W. Ellison was foreman of Penitas Ranch for owners James and B. H. Normand, an annual Fourth of July celebration was begun. As part of the celebration, long tables were set up under cottonwood trees and filled with delicious food. The ranch was still owned by the Normands when T. M. Wilson, President of Marfa State Bank, bought it on 10 July 1926. The annual Independence Day observances continued. More recently, the ranch was owned by Ira Yates Blanton. Sources: Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), I:174,337-338; II:284, 317.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Perdis Tank	reservoir	30.111111, -104.528056		USGS
Perdiz Creek	stream	30.014444, -103.988056		USGS
Peridiz	pop place	29.993333, -103.995000	Located near Alamito Creek on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad between Tinaja, Texas, and Plata, Texas, in eastern Presidio County. Perdiz was created as a station on the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient of Texas railroad when it laid its tracks from Paisano, Texas, to Presidio, Texas, in 1930. It was named for a Spanish word meaning "partridge." No post office was created at Perdiz. The 1998-1999 Texas Almanac did not list Perdiz as a populated place. Sources: USGS; State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads: A Record of Construction and Abandonment (Austin: UT and TSHA, 1981), 76; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), did not list a post office at Perdiz.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Pilares	locale	30.436111, -104.851389	Pilares, Texas, a locale, is located on the Rio Grande about 1 mile from Quinn Creek and 8 miles southwest of Gettysburg Peak in southwestern Presidio County. Named for the Spanish word for waterhole, Pilares has been the setting for a presidio [fort], a penal colony, a silver ore smeltery, and a farming community from mid-eighteenth century to the present. In 1750 the Spanish viceroy designated Pilares as a military presidio. In 1775 both a military installation and a penal colony were established at Pilares. Soldiers and convicts were marooned there to work farms. Silver ore, perhaps mined in the nearby mountains, was smelted there before the presidio was abandoned about 1872. In 1914 a gravity irrigation ditch was built and 300 acres of farm land were devoted to the growing of cotton as a cash crop. During the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) the community was raided by Mexican bandits several times. On 21 May 1915 five Texas Rangers chased a number of Mexicans, who had stolen horses and mules, from Pilares back into the Mexican mountains; however, the bandits escaped after a running gunfight two days later. On 24 May the Rangers again pursued the bandits without success. Being outnumbered and caught in a narrow canyon by Mexican gunfire, the Rangers tried to retreat. Rangers Trollingers, Cummins, and Craighead were able to escape, but rangers Sitters and Hulen were massacred by the Mexicans. No post office existed at Pilares. In 1982 Pilares was a small farming community located on an unimproved road. Sources: Pilares Texas-Chihuahua, Sheet 104, 1:25,000 Scale, USGS Color Image Map, 1982; San Carlos Quadrangle, Presidio County, Grid Zone E, 1:125,000 Scale, USGS Tactical Map, 1895; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1958), 102; Carlysle Graham Raht, The Romance of Davis Mountains and Big Bend Country (Odessa: The Rahtbooks Company, 1963), 120; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, 1535-1900, Vol. 1 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 28, 65, 72; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M. A. Thesis, Univ. of Tex., 1933, pp. 133-134.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Pinto	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located in the rugged canyonlands of the Chinati Mountains and in Pinto Canyon of west central Presidio County. The community and the canyon were named for a Spanish word meaning painted. Its first settlers entered the area in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Rancher W. H. [Billy] Cleveland brought his bride, the first woman to live in the isolated canyon, to his adobe house on 9 December 1885 and they continued to raise goats and cattle there until 1897. A small mining camp, surrounding the Burney prospect, sprang up in the canyon in the late 1890s and the claim was worked through the 1950s. In 1907 J. E. and Dora Wilson brought their daughters, Millie, Mamie, and Ora, and their livestock to the lush grassland in the canyon. They lived in a one-room rock house that Cleveland had used as a goat camp. Immediately after driving his cattle into the canyon, Wilson broke his leg. His neighbor, Jose Prieto, tended the cattle until Wilson recovered. Wilson?s capable daughters, Millie and Mamie, with no help, drove their father?s 100 Angora goats, newly-purchased from Cleveland, into the canyon. In 1910 a one-room school was opened in Pinto community with Sue Woodward as the first teacher. The children of Wilson and Prieto, as well as those of Mart Sutherlin and George Sutherlin attended the school. By the 1980s the mining camp was in ruin, the prosperous ranchers had moved from the lonely canyon, and few traces of early settlement were visible. No post office or cemetery was found at Pinto. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; marked the canyon; Ruidosa Hot Springs Quadrangle, Texas-Presidio County, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1979; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come Its Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of NM Press, 1958), 105; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, 1535-1946, 2 vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:213, 229, 244; 2:22, 32, 33, 74 ; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 82; David L. Amsbury, Geology of the Pinto Canyon Area, Presidio County, Texas (Austin Bureau of Eco. Geo., Univ. of Tex., 1958), Map 22; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), did not list a post office at Pinto.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Pinto Canyon	valley	29.905278, -104.489167		USGS
Pinto Canyon	valley	29.910278, -104.666389		USGS
Plata	pop place	29.876111, -104.017222	Plata, Texas, a locale, is located on Alamito Creek, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad, and on Farm Road 169 about four miles south of Alamito community in east central Presidio County. Plata, earlier called La Plata, was named for the Spanish word for silver. It developed as a ranching community in the early 1880s. Robert Reed Ellison, at age 16 in March 1883, brought a herd of cattle and a chuck wagon by train to Murphysville, an earlier name for Alpine, Texas. He unloaded the cattle and drove them 40 miles to his father?s range on Alamito Creek. Later, young Ellison owned a large ranch of his own at Plata. When the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient railroad laid it tracks to the community late in 1930, Plata became a station. A store operated in the community at some time and a school was in session as early as the 1933-1934 term when Verna Humphreys was the teacher. By 1939 Plata School was a part of the Marfa Independent School District. In 1988 Plata was a ranching community of indeterminate population, marked by a water tank and a railroad siding. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1987; Plata Quadrangle, Texas- Presidio County, 7.5 Minute Series, USGS Topographical Map, 1983; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 55; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), Vol. 1:192-195, 316, 339; Vol. 2:386, 454-455; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M. A. Thesis, Univ. of Tex., 1933, pp. 75-76; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads: A Record of Construction and Abandonment (Austin: UT and TSHA, 1981), 76; Southwestern Bell Telephone Directory, Alpine-Marfa-Alamito-Calamity Creek, 1988-89; Writer?s observation.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Polvo	pop place	29.435000, -104.193333		USGS
Polvo Crossing	locale	29.436389, -104.193333		USGS
Ponder Draw	valley	30.341389, -103.959167		USGS
Post Mountain	summit	29.477500, -103.878333		USGS
Presa Chino	reservoir	29.863056, -104.407222		USGS
Presa Llorona	reservoir	29.903889, -104.450556		USGS
Presa Rincon	reservoir	29.879722, -104.433333		USGS
Presa Viruelas	reservoir	29.884444, -104.410833		USGS
Presidio	pop place	29.560556, -104.371667		USGS
Presidio Cemetery	cemetery	29.610833, -104.353056		USGS
Prietos Bar	locale	30.077222, -104.686667		USGS
Primero, Arroyo	valley	29.368056, -103.851111		USGS
Pueblo Nuevo	pop place	30.121667, -104.660278		USGS
Puerto Potrillo	gap	29.827500, -103.908056		USGS
Quebec	pop place	30.510556, -104.399167		USGS
Quemado Spring	spring	30.415556, -104.660278		USGS
Quinn Camp	locale	30.445833, -104.786111		USGS
Quinn Creek	stream	30.447778, -104.864722		USGS
Quinn Mesa	summit	30.445278, -104.750278		USGS
Quinn Mesa Windmill	locale	30.448611, -104.758333		USGS
Quinn Windmill	locale	30.474167, -104.752500		USGS
Ramirez Tank	reservoir	30.400278, -103.804444		USGS
Rancheria	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A vanished community, was located on Alamito Creek at a point 2.5 miles southeast of Rancheria Hills and 7.5 miles south of Marfa, Texas, in eastern Presidio County. The village served as the headquarters for annual cattle roundups in the 1880s. For each of the fifteen days of a roundup, cowboys gathered cattle within a fifteen-mile radius. They branded the calves and held all of the cattle together. When all of the cattle were gathered to Rancheria, the owners then cut out their own stock. Each roundup ended with a dance at Finley Ranch that included the whole family. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetter of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904),135; Marfa Sheet, USGS topo map, 1895; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas 1535-1946, Vol. 1 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985),244.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Rancheria Hills	summit	30.246944, -104.068889		USGS
Rancherias Canyon	valley	29.332500, -104.043611		USGS
Rancherias Spring	spring	29.396111, -104.018056		USGS
Ranchita Spring	spring	30.122500, -104.665833		USGS
Rancho Cielo	locale	30.365278, -104.590833		USGS
Rancho Viejo Spring	spring	29.496111, -104.107500		USGS
Rawls Ranch	locale	29.680556, -104.043333		USGS
Rawls Ranch Airport	airport	29.650000, -103.950278		USGS
Red Hill	summit	29.785000, -103.869444		USGS
Red Hill	summit	29.805000, -104.403889		USGS
Red Mill Draw	valley	30.384722, -104.590278		USGS
Red Tank	reservoir	30.113056, -104.548889		USGS
Red Well	well	30.395278, -104.613333		USGS
Redford	pop place	29.449722, -104.188889		USGS
Redford Cemetery	cemetery	29.437500, -104.185833		USGS
Righthand Shutup	valley	29.449722, -103.860833		USGS
Rincon Mountain	summit	29.403889, -103.870556		USGS
Rindosa	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A vanished community, was located at an unknown point in Presidio County in the nineteenth century. A post office was assigned to Rindosa, Texas, on 07 March 1900, but it never operated. The post office assignment was withdrawn on 21 July 1900. The writer did not find the village on a USGS map. Source: Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980),135, 222.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Rodriguez Arroyo	valley	29.598611, -104.429444		USGS
Roosevelt Ranch	locale	30.533056, -104.556944		USGS
Ross Mine	mine	29.815833, -104.386944		USGS
Ruidosa	pop place	29.982778, -104.678889	Located on the Rio Grande and Farm Road 170 about twelve miles south of Candelaria, Texas, in western Presidio County. Its name is a Spanish word that means windy or noisy and it is descriptive because the wind often blows there. About 1824 the Mexican government established a penal colony, Vado Piedra or Rocky Ford, at the site of the current Ruidosa. The Condemned Regiment, a group of convicts, was sent there to guard northern Chihuahua against Indian attack. However, the Comanche massacred the regiment and the colony was abandoned. In 1872 a small farming community developed around the irrigation ditches that William Russell constructed to bring river water to crops on his large farm. Russell also built a toll mill in that year and residents of the community and surrounding ones had access to flour milling. George Brooks was hired as the manager of Russell?s farm and mill. In 1879 the Mescalero Apache raided the Russell farm, killing four men and wounding three others. A school was in session at the community by 1902 and by 1911 students numbered 287 from a total population of 1,722. In 1914 the post office opened and cotton growing was introduced to the community. A cotton gin was built in 1923 and population declined to 300 in 1929. A Protestant evangelist unsuccessfully attempted to hold services in the Catholic community in March 1933, but too few Protestants were found. In 1933 six businesses operated there, but the Great Depression and the social effects of World War II changed the community. The gin closed in 1936 and the post office followed in 1954. By 1964 the other businesses were gone and population declined to 43 by 1968. The community received mail from Marfa in the 1980s and population continued at 43 throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 01 Nov 1986; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 142; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of NM Press, 1958), 105; John Ernest Gregg, The History of Presidio County, M.A. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, 1933, pp. 127, 132-134; 138; 183; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946, 2 Vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:37-38, 56, 125, 140, 152, 225; 2:85-86, 388, 422; 1933 Texas Almanac, 65; 1954-1955 Texas Almanac, 120; 1964-1965 Texas Almanac, 150; 1968-1969 Texas Almanac, 188; 1988-89 Texas Almanac, 454; 1998-1999 Texas Almanac, 314; John Clements, Flying the Colors: Texas (Dallas: Clements Research, Inc., 1984), 367.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Ruidosa Hot Springs	spring	30.038056, -104.598056		USGS
Ruidosa School	school	29.988611, -104.681944		USGS
Ryan	pop place	30.430000, -104.298333	Reportedly a populated place, was located on the Southern Pacific railroad and U. S. Highway 90, eighteen miles northwest of Marfa, Texas, in north central Presidio County. Ryan became a cattle shipping station on the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio railroad in 1882 when that railroad reached the area with its tracks. It was named for the land commissioner of the railroad, Black Ryan. Many loads of cattle?sometimes entire trains?were shipped from Ryan station to market at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Former Texas Ranger James B. Gillett ranched around Ryan and shipped cattle from the station. Reportedly, the loading chutes stood until recent times. By the 1980s the station was part of Jones Ranch and the terrain gave little evidence of its former importance to Presidio County ranching. The 1998-1999 Texas Almanac gave no population for Ryan, Texas. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 143; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946, 2 vols. (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 1:201; 2: map between pp. 304 and 305; S. G. Reed, A History of the Texas Railroads (Houston: The St. Clair Pub. Co., 1941), 197; Virginia Madison and Hallie Stillwell, How Come It?s Called That? (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1958), 98; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 91.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Sacred Heart Church	church	29.984167, -104.681389		USGS
Saint Teresa Church	church	30.136389, -104.681389		USGS
Samchez Ranch	locale	30.444444, -104.864444		USGS
San Antonio Canyon	valley	29.836389, -104.606667		USGS
San Antonio Mine	mine	29.894444, -104.476667		USGS
San Carlos	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	San Carlos, TX, a vanished community, was located one mile south of Gettysburg Peak and two miles north of Newman Spring--the community and the water source--in western Presidio County before 1904. No post office or school was found at San Carlos. Sources: Texas (Presidio County) San Carlos Sheet, 1:12500 Scale, USGS Map, reprint 1929; Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 145.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
San Carlos Mine	mine	30.459444, -104.709167		USGS
San Carlos, Arroyo	valley	30.313056, -104.778611		USGS
San Cristobal	vanished mission	0.000000, -000.000000	One of seven missions formally established in the La Junta area on 12 June 1684 by the Juan Dominguez de Mendoza expedition. The exact location of the mission is now unknown, but historians have placed it between Cibolo and Alamito creeks and near the present city of Presidio in southern Presidio County. The Dominguez expedition first came to San Cristobal on 14 January 1684 and celebrated a mass. The Indians who lived there requested that Christian missionaries come to teach them, probably hoping that Spanish troops would also come to protect them against the Apache. The original mission structure was a temporary one built from reeds and straw by the people of the pueblo, who promised to replace it with an adobe one when the missionaries came. On 31 May 1715 Sergeant Major Trasiva Retis and his entourage reached San Cristobal and reported that the pueblo had a population of 180. Governor Pedro Rabago Teran came to the mission in December 1747 and reported that 153 people lived there and that they had no missionary. When the 1749 census of Indian missions was taken, San Cristobal had a population of 500 and Francisco Gonzales was the padre. Later in the 18th century, missions were secularized and the church at San Cristobal would have come under the care of the local diocese. There are no ruins to prove the site. Sources: Carlos E. Castaneda, Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519-1936 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1936), 1:271-272; 2:311-318, 320-321, 327; 3:217; Herbert Eugene Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706 (New York: Charles Scribner?s Sons, 1916), 329; Charles Matton Brooks, Jr., Texas Missions: Their Romance and Architecture (Dallas: Dealey and Lowe, 1926), 67: Howard G. Applegate and Calvin Wayne Hanselka, La Junta De Los Rios Del Norte y Conchos (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974), 14-15, 17-20, 23, 54-55; William C. Pool, A Historical Atlas of Texas (Austin: The Encino Press, 1975), 29; J. Charles Kelley, ?Big Bend Indian Villages at La Junta de los Rios,? in Native Indian Culture in the Texas Big Bend: A Public Discussion (Alpine: Museum of the Big Bend, 1978), Appendix I; Robert E. Wright, O.M.I., ?Catholic Church,? in The New Handbook of Texas, Vol. 1 (Austin: TSHA, 1996), 1026- 1028.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
San Estaban Lake	reservoir	30.166389, -104.028056		USGS
San Esteban	vanished community	30.166389, -104.028056	An ancient adobe settlement that centered around a water hole on a well-traveled trail near Alamito Creek and three miles west of Tinaja, Texas, in northeastern Presidio County. In the last quarter of the sixteenth century Spanish explorer, Fray Augustin Rodriguez, erected a cross at the water hole. Early in 1684 Captain Juan Mendoza, another Spanish explorer, came to the water hole, following Alamito Creek and searching for the river of pearls. About a century later, a community began to grow at the water hole on the trail that Indians and traders followed. In 1839 Henry Connelly, the Chihuahuan trader, camped at San Esteban with seven wagons and 100 men as they opened the Chihuahua Trail. By the 1870s cattlemen came into the area to graze their livestock. In 1879 the Bishop family arrived and the Jordan family came in 1885. The Bogel family raised horses around San Esteban and sold them to the army. In 1912 San Esteban Dam was built and the area was flooded. The historic water hole that had supplied Spanish explorers, Indians, and traders and its nearby community slipped quietly to the bottom of San Esteban Lake. Sources: Map of Texas and Part of New Mexico, Chiefly for Military Purposes, Bureau of Topographical Engineers, 1857; State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 1986; Ed Bartholomew, The Encyclopedia of Texas Ghost Towns (Ft. Davis: Privately published, 1982), 92; Elton Miles, Tales of the Big Bend (College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press, 1976), 67; Carlos E. Castaneda, Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519-1936, Vol. 1 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1936), 158-169; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, 1535-1900, Vol. 1 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 20-21, 37-38, 42-43;116; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, 1901-1946, Vol. 2 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 71, 72, 84, 91, 325; John Ernest Gregg, History of Presidio Co., M. A. Thesis, Univ. of Tex, 1933, 72, 80; Barry Wade Hutcheson, The Trans- Pecos: A Historical Survey and Guide to Historic Sites, M.A. Thesis, Texas Tech. College, 1969, 45.	USGS & Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
San Jacinto Mountain	summit	29.754444, -103.954444		USGS
San Jacinto Ranch	locale	29.741389, -103.986667		USGS
San Jose Spring	spring	29.863333, -104.619444		USGS
San Solomon	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located, before 1879, at an unidentified point in Presidio County. A post office was created at San Solomon in 1879 and operated until its closing in 1886. The community probably vanished before 1904 since Gannett did not identify it. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), carefully identified each village in Texas, but did not list San Solomon, Texas; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 139.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Sand Creek	stream	30.609722, -104.955833		USGS
Sanguijuela Arroyo	valley	30.051111, -104.704167		USGS
Santa Maria la Redonna	vanished mission	0.000000, -000.000000	Santa Maria la Redonna, a vanished Spanish mission, was one of seven missions formally established in the La Junta area on 12 June 1684 by the Juan Dominguez de Mendoza expedition. The exact location of the mission is now unknown, but historians have placed it on Cibolo Creek in the vicinity of present Shafter, Texas, in southern Presidio County. The Jumano Indians who lived there had requested that Christian missionaries come to teach them, hoping probably to gain also protection by Spanish troops against the Apache. The original mission structure was a temporary one built from reeds and straw by the people of the pueblo, who promised to replace it with an adobe one when the missionaries came. Since no later census or survey made by the Spanish government mentioned Santa Maria la Redonna mission, it was probably abandoned before 1715. Sources: Carlos E. Castaneda, Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, 1519-1936 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1936), 1:270-273; 2:311-318, 326; 3:198-203; 5:226; Howard G. Applegate and Calvin Wayne Hanselka, La Junta De Los Rios Del Norte y Conchos (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974), 14-23, 52-55; William C. Pool, A Historical Atlas of Texas (Austin: The Encino Press, 1975), 29; Robert E. Wright, O.M.I., ?Catholic Church,? in The New Handbook of Texas, Vol. 1 (Austin: TSHA, 1996), 1026- 1028.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Santana Mesa	summit	29.301389, -103.935833		USGS
Santiago	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	A settlement on the Rio Grande and was located in the area of Polvo [now Redford], Texas, in southeastern Presidio County. The community of Santiago may have grown up around El Apostol Santiago, a Spanish mission that was established on 12 June 1684 in the La Junta area at the junction of the Rio Grande and the Rio Conchos by the expedition of Juan Dominguez de Mendoza. The census of Indian missions in 1749 gave a population at the mission of 200 who spoke the Zuma-Cholomes language and who were ministered to by Padre Joseph Paez. In 1773 the old mission site was made a Spanish presidio. In 1904 the village still existed, but its name was gone from maps by the 1940s. No post office was found at Santiago. Sources: Henry Gannett, A Gazetteer of Texas, USGS Bulletin 224 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), 147; Howard G. Applegate and Calvin Wayne Hanselka, La Junta De Los Rios Del Norte y Conchos (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974), 23-25, 55-57; 1945-1946 Texas Almanac, 492; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), did not list a post office at Santiago.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Sauceda Creek	stream	29.786111, -104.058333		USGS
Sauceda Ranch	locale	29.469722, -103.957500		USGS
Savcito Creek	stream	30.133056, -104.029722		USGS
Seep Spring	spring	29.342500, -103.989167		USGS
Seep Spring	spring	29.445556, -103.873611		USGS
Segundo, Arroyo	valley	29.407222, -103.864167		USGS
Seminole Trail	trail	29.707222, -103.848056		USGS
Shafter	pop place	29.820000, -104.302778	Located on Cibolo Creek and U. S. Highway 67 at the eastern edge of the Chinati Mountains in southern Presidio County. The village developed as a silver mining town. Prospecting may have begun in the area as early as the 17th century when Spaniards searched for gold and silver. In September 1880 John W. Spencer, a freighter-turned-prospector, discovered metalliferous deposits near the place and showed an ore sample to Major William B. Shafter of 9th Cavalry at Ft. Davis. Shafter had it assayed. When small amounts of profitable silver were found, Shafter and two army friends, Lt. John L. Bullis of the 24th Infantry and Lt. Louis Wilhelmi of the 1st Infantry, formed a partnership to acquire land around the strike. After buying the land and the potential silver deposit, they lacked capital and technical expertise to mine the ore. In June 1882 they leased some of their acreage to a California mining group. By late summer 1883 the group organized Presidio Mining Company and found silver deposits worth $45 per ton. Shafter, Wilhelmi, and Spencer each sold their interests to the mining company for $1600 and 5,000 shares of company stock. Bullis spent several years in litigation only to lose in his legal battle for more money. A post office opened at Shafter in 1885. In 1887, with litigation behind it, the mining company increased operations, hiring nearly 300 men. Shafter reportedly had 4,000 inhabitants in its best days. By 1908 the population at Shafter was second only to that of Marfa in the county. A rare accident at Shafter Mine that year killed Acencion Garcia and injured Miguel Luna. In 1913 about 300 employees continued to work the mines. In the 1920s about 110 people lived at Shafter. The mines closed in the 1930s and reopened in 1939 when a population of 525 and six businesses were reported. By 1942 falling silver prices and labor problems forced the closing of Presidio Mine, which had grossed more than $18 million worth of silver and was the most productive at Shafter. By 1943 a population of 1,500 and twelve businesses were found in the community. Although several attempts were made to reopen the mines from the 1950s through the 1980s, they remained abandoned. As of January 1995 Shafter still had a post office and in 1998 its population was 31. Among the many ruins at Shafter are a church and a cemetery. Sources: State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, General Highway Map of Presidio County, revised 01 Nov 1986; Paul H. Carlson, ?The Discovery of Silver in West Texas,? West Texas Historical Association Year Book 54 (1978), 55-63; Julia Cauble Smith, ?The Shafter Mining District,? The Permian Historical Annual 28 (Dec 1988), 75-84; Charles Deaton, Texas Postal History Handbook (Houston: by author, 1980), 140; Henry T. Fletcher, quoted by H. Bailey Carroll, ?Texas Collection,? Southwestern Historical Quarterly 48:2 (Oct 1944), 296; Clyde P. Ross, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Shafter Mining District, Presidio County, Texas, USGS Bulletin 928-B (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1943), 45-50; Dick King, Ghost Towns of Texas (San Antonio: The Naylor Co., 1953), 81-82; 1998-1999 Texas Almanac, 315; Writer?s observation.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Shafter Mine	mine	29.817222, -104.322778		USGS
Short Draw	valley	30.286111, -103.931389		USGS
Siffer Spring	spring	30.403611, -104.763056		USGS
Sitter Canyon	valley	30.516389, -104.613889		USGS
Smith House Spring	spring	29.426667, -103.894722		USGS
Smugglers Gap	gap	29.643889, -103.818889		USGS
Snyder Well	well	30.407778, -104.504167		USGS
Soldier Canyon	valley	30.531944, -104.788056		USGS
Soldier Mesa	summit	30.501667, -104.753889		USGS
Soldier Spring	spring	30.526111, -104.764444		USGS
Soldier Windmill	locale	30.493333, -104.767778		USGS
Solitario Peak	summit	29.466389, -103.839444		USGS
Solitario, The	summit	29.450556, -103.808333		USGS
South Canyon	valley	29.678333, -103.852222		USGS
South Chiva Windmill	locale	30.596944, -104.830278		USGS
South Fork Alamito Creek	stream	30.368889, -104.030000		USGS
South Fork Alamo de Cesanio Creek	stream	29.569167, -103.772500		USGS
Sparks Crossing	locale	29.910000, -104.666111		USGS
Spencer Cemetery	cemetery	29.694722, -104.520278		USGS
Spencer Creek	stream	29.696111, -104.523611		USGS
Split Peak Windmill	locale	30.319722, -104.572778		USGS
Sullivan Mine	mine	29.803889, -104.416667		USGS
Sunny Glen Tank	reservoir	30.339444, -103.812222		USGS
Tapado Canyon	valley	29.363056, -104.091389		USGS
Tascotal Mesa	summit	29.646111, -103.885833		USGS
Terneros Creek	stream	29.514444, -104.268333		USGS
Tigner Canyon	valley	29.912778, -104.396389		USGS
Tijeras Arroyo	valley	29.995833, -104.637222		USGS
Tijeras Spring	spring	30.000833, -104.632778		USGS
Tinaja	vanished community	0.000000, -000.000000	Was located on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad, one-fourth mile northeast of San Esteban Lake, twelve miles southwest of Paisano Pass, and near Fort D. A. Russell in northeastern Presidio County. In 1930 the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient railroad laid its tracks from Paisano, Texas, to the location of Tinaja, where a station was built. Tinaja, Texas, was given a Spanish name by the Orient; it is the word for a large earthen jar or tank. The first train to travel over the completed Orient tracks left Tinaja for Mexico City on 09 November 1930. It was a special train that carried a polo team from the nearby Fort D. A. Russell for a competition. A large delegation from Presidio County traveled with the team. Traveling in the group were thirty-eight officers, thirty-three women, a group of Marfans, thirty-six enlisted men, and forty-six polo ponies. The Kansas City, Mexico & Orient became the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad in 1965. Some time after that date, the railroad abandoned the station and any community around the station vanished. Sources: Tinaja Quadrangle, Texas ? Presidio County, USGS Topographical Map, 1983; San Esteban Lake Quadrangle, Texas ? Presidio County, USGS Topographical Map, 1983; Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas, 1535-1946 (Austin: Nortex Press, 1985), 2: map between pp. 304 and 305, 339; Charles P. Zlatkovich, Texas Railroads (Austin: UT and TSHA, 1981), 76; Writer's Observation.	Julia Cauble Smith cauble@apex2000.net
Tinaja Blanca, Arroyo	valley	30.056389, -104.647778		USGS
Tinaja Escondido, Arroyo	valley	29.713611, -104.313889		USGS
Tinaja Prieta, Ca?on	valley	29.860278, -104.476111		USGS
Tinker Tank	reservoir	30.542778, -104.735000		USGS
Toro Windmill	locale	30.486389, -104.739444		USGS
Tortola, Arroyo	valley	29.532778, -104.331111		USGS
Tortolo Creek	stream	29.696944, -104.259444		USGS
Tren, Cerro	summit	29.773611, -104.278611		USGS
Trough Canyon	valley	30.341389, -104.582500		USGS
Trough Canyon Spring	spring	30.342778, -104.602222		USGS
Trough Spring	spring	29.368611, -103.883611		USGS
Tunnel Windmill	locale	30.463611, -104.732500		USGS
Twin Mills	locale	29.698333, -104.338889		USGS
Twin Mountains	summit	30.418611, -103.826667		USGS
Vado Crossing	locale	29.851111, -104.624444		USGS